COVID 19, Vaccine, Trump is now anti green
Bolsonaro , Salvini , left wing good bye.
We didn’t start the fire. It was always burning…
Sometime in the middle of the last decade, the world, it seems, took a sharp right. Seems, being the operative word. The truth is that the popularity of right-wing politics is far from new – and its rise has got a lot to do with the financial health of nations.
A comprehensive study conducted by a group of German economists in 2015 outlines the effects of financial crises on politics. As COVID wreaks havoc and threatens to devastate economies around the world, it’s a good time to go back to this report to understand today’s political landscape better – or rather that what is to come post COVID.
The research found that financial crashes lead to a rise in right-wing parties and also to protests against the government. The result, the study ominously states, would lead to the dawn of political systems that are less interested in (or, capable of) implementing laws that focus on economic solutions and are more focused on right-wing policies (no surprise, this).
We’ve seen this in the not too recent past. In the aftermath of the Great Recession in 2008 populist parties more than doubled their vote shares in many developed nations. These included France, the UK, Sweden, Finland, the Netherlands, Portugal and Japan.
Let’s look at a few examples.
The Sweden Democrats improved their vote share from 2.9% in 2006 to 5.7% in 2010 (a few years after the Global Recession). In a September 2018 election they increased their vote to 18% from 13% four years earlier. The SD, as they are called, have managed to capitalize on Sweden’s rising insecurities on immigration.
In the Netherlands, the right-wing Populist Party for Freedom gained close to 10 percentage points soon after the 2007 crisis.
In France, the Front National party earned 13.6% in 2011, in the first election following the crisis, compared to just 4.3% in 2007.
The far-right Finns Party, which built its popularity on two planks – immigration and climate change – came within striking distance, but lost with a narrow margin in the April 2019 general election.
Then there’s Italy’s Matteo Salvini, who leads the League. Salvini has led an aggressive anti-immigration policy and the party has seen its popularity surge after the financial crisis.
The bottom line then, is this – the political parties that make nationalism their mainstay and root for tighter immigration laws are the ones who benefit more politically from a financial crisis. Interestingly, the left-leaning ones don’t, as much.
See graph:
Notes: The figure shows average vote shares of far-left (white columns) and far-right (black columns) political parties. The grey columns represent the sum of the two. The left panel refers to average vote shares in the five years before the start of a financial crisis and the right panel shows average shares in the five years after. The differences are statistically significant at the 5% level, except for the far-left vote share, which does not significantly increase in the post-crisis period. Table D1 shows the crises included.
Source: Going to Extremes: Politics after Financial Crisis, 1870-2014. Manuel Funke Moritz Schularick Christoph Trebesch
What the research also shows is that far-right parties have seen substantial electoral gains after the global economic crises of the 1920s/1930s and after 2008. Here’s a figure that throws some light on this pattern in European countries.
Notes: The figure shows the vote shares of far-right and right-wing populist parties in the European Parliamentary elections 2004, 2019, and 2014. These 9 EU countries are also included in the main analysis. The figure is for illustration only, since electoral data from the European Parliament are not used in the remainder of the paper. The grey columns show averages.
Source: Going to Extremes: Politics after Financial Crisis, 1870-2014. Manuel Funke Moritz Schularick Christoph Trebesch
Fast forward to 2020. The onset of COVID has made that right turn even sharper (and longer). And it doesn’t look like the path will circle back to a central point anytime soon. If anything, it’ll carry on unabated, as more people get on to that bandwagon. If COVID is going to be, as doomsayers predict, the worst crisis we have seen in our living history, then the political and social repercussions will be as dramatic.
President Donald Trump’s executive order temporarily suspending the issuing of green cards to certain groups is a case in point. The primary aim of this order is to protect the American workers who have lost their jobs due to COVID 19.
And that’s what it really boils down to – jobs.
Immigration policies are often directly proportional to unemployment. As the latter goes up, so does the former (become more stringent that is). And today, when COVID is causing the loss of millions of jobs and, in some cases simply wiping out sectors, leaders are tightening their laws to protect their people (and their politics). Unemployment can prove to be an electoral poison, so few leaders are willing to take any chances.
Imagine this: 8.6 million jobs were lost, in total, at the time of the 2008 Great recession. COVID, in contrast, has already wiped out more than 33 million jobs in the US – more than 20 million jobs were lost in April alone, a month in which the unemployment rate stood at 14.7%. Scary as that figure is, some say the figure is higher – close to 20%, the worst since The Great Depression.
The proclamation basically means that, for the time being, the US will stop issuing certain green cards. It also suspends the Diversity Visa Lottery, which issues about 50,000 green cards every year. Moreover, the statement also said that within 30 days of the effective date of this proclamation, the Secretary of Labor and the Secretary of Homeland Security will also review non-immigrant programs. What this means is not clear. What is clear is that the order affects immigrants who are outside the US on the date of the proclamation, or the ones who don’t have valid immigrant visas yet.
The message is clear – immigration is not going to be the same for a while. COVID has already wiped out a decade’s worth of job gains in the US – basically all jobs that were created since the Great Recession. And it’s not over. The flattening of the curve may come too late for most economies around the world.
The world will stay in right gear for now – at least till unemployment remains a pressing issue. It’ll probably come a full circle eventually, but that may be a while.
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TC Global controls, collects, owns and directs the use of the Personal Information and Usage Information on its Site and TC Global is the data controller and data processor as regards the Personal Information and Usage Information collected on its Site. For any queries regarding this Privacy Policy and the collection and use of data collected or processed under this Privacy Policy, TC Global can be contacted by mail at The Chopras Global Holdings PTE Ltd, No. 3, Shenton Way, #10-05/06, Shenton House, Singapore 068805; by phone at +65 9825 6174 or by e-mail at hello@thechoprasglobal.com.
The legal basis for collection and processing of any information collected and processed by TC Global including the Personal Information is (i) your consent at the time of providing the Personal Information; (ii) where it is in our legitimate interests to do so and not overridden by your rights (for example, in some cases for direct marketing, fraud prevention, network and information systems security, responding to your communications, the operation of networks of groups by the network administrators, and improving our Site). In some cases, we may also have a legal obligation to collect information about you or may otherwise need the information to protect your vital interests or those of another person. We may also process information to comply with a legal requirement or to perform a contract.
TC Global may ask you to provide certain categories of information such as personal information, which is information that coold reasonably be used to identify you personally, such as your name, gender, family details, address, e-mail address, nationality, details of your passport and other government ID, financial information, academic record / education history, date of birth, mobile number, travel history and medical records ("Personal Information"), when you access the Site, in order to provide you with the services requested.
Additionally, we may collect this information through various forms and in various places through the Site, including when you first register with us, when you create a transaction, when you contact us, when you update your information or from time to time or when you otherwise interact with us. TC Global may include registration, surveys, and other online forums where users will need to provide Personal Information.
First party cookies are the cookies served by the owner of the domain. In our case, that's TC Global. Any cookie we place ourselves is a "first-party cookie."
Third-party cookies are cookies placed on our domains by trusted partners that we've allowed to do so. These can be social media partners, advertising partners, security providers, and more. And they can be either "session cookies" or "permanent cookies":
Session cookies only exist until you close your browser, ending what's called your "session." Then they're deleted.
Permanent cookies have a range of lifespans and stay on your device after the browser is closed. On the Site, we try to only serve permanent cookies (or allow permanent cookies to be served by third parties) that have a limited lifespan. However, for security reasons or in other exceptional circumstances, sometimes we may need to give a cookie a longer lifespan.
Web browser cookies may store info such as your IP address or other identifiers, your browser type, and info about the content you view and interact with on digital services. By storing this info, web browser cookies can remember your preferences and settings for online services and analyze how you use them.
Along with cookies, we also use tracking technologies that are very similar. Our Site may contain small transparent image files or lines of code that record how you interact with them. These include "web beacons," "scripts," "tracking URLs," or "software development kits" (known as SDKs):
Web beacons have a lot of different names. They might also be known as web bugs, tracking bugs, tags, web tags, page tags, tracking pixels, pixel tags, 1x1 GIFs, or clear GIFs. In short, these beacons are a tiny graphic image of just one pixel that can be delivered to your device as part of a web page request, in an app, an advertisement, or an HTML email message. They can be used to retrieve info from your device, such as your device type, operating system, IP address, and the time of your visit. They are also used to serve and read cookies in your browser or to trigger the placement of a cookie.
Scripts are small computer programs embedded within our web pages that give those pages a wide variety of extra functionality. Scripts make it possible for the website to function properly. For example, scripts power certain security features and enable basic interactive features on our website. Scripts can also be used for analytical or advertising purposes. For example, a script can collect info about how you use our website, such as which pages you visit or what you search for.
Tracking URLs are links with a unique identifier in them. These are used to track which website brought you to the Site. An example woold be if you clicked from a social media page, search engine, or one of our affiliate partners' websites.
Software Development Kits (SDKs) are part of our apps' source code. Unlike browser cookies, SDK data is stored in the app storage. They're used to analyze how the apps are being used or to send personalized push notifications. To do this, they record unique identifiers associated with your device, like your device ID, IP address, in-app activity, and network location.
All these tracking technologies are referred to as "cookies" here in this Cookie Statement.
However, no Personal Information identifying the user is collected nor any data capture mechanisms are employed. The user may change browser settings to accept or reject cookies on personal preference. You have the ability to accept or decline cookies. Most web browsers automatically accept cookies, but you can usually modify the browser setting to decline cookies if you so prefer. If you choose to decline cookies, you may not be able to sign in or use other interactive features of the Site that may depend on cookies. If you choose to accept cookies, you also have the ability to later delete cookies that you have accepted. If you choose to delete cookies, any settings and preferences controlled by those cookies, including advertising preferences, will be deleted and may need to be recreated. We process and keep all data for our own use and, if you wish to opt-out from tracking by TC Global you can do so at hello@thechoprasglobal.com
TC Global may also process any Personal Information or Usage Information collected from you for legitimate commercial purposes including to provide you with the requisite information requested. A list of uses of the Personal Information and Usage Information collected is provided at Section 3 of this Policy (Use of Information Collected).
TC Global implements appropriate technical and organisational measures to ensure a level of security appropriate to the risk of our processing of information about individuals such as (i) only sharing and providing access to your information to the minimum extent necessary, subject to confidentiality restrictions where appropriate, and on an anonymised basis wherever possible; (ii) using secure servers to store your information; (iii) verifying the identity of any individual who requests access to information prior to granting them access to information; and (iv) using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) software or other similar encryption technologies to encrypt any payment transactions you make on or via our Site.
Any user who has submitted Personal Information on the Site has the right to (i) access, correct, delete such Personal Information subject to us successfolly verifying your identity; (ii) object to us processing your Personal Information on legitimate grounds; (iii) to withdraw your consent to our use of your information at any time where we rely on your consent to use or process that information; (iv) opting out of receiving any promotional or marketing material by clicking on the "Unsubscribe" button or by sending an email to [hello@thechoprasglobal.com]. Please note that if you withdraw your consent, this will not affect the lawfolness of our use and processing of your information on the basis of your consent before the point in time when you withdraw your consent; (v) right to have the Personal Information transferred to another data controller; and (vi) lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority, in particolar in the jurisdiction of your habitual residence, place of work or of an alleged infringement of any applicable data protection laws. Any request received by us by the user in relation to the aforesaid shall be acknowledged by us within seventy-two (72) business hours.
TC Global does not share any Personal Information with any third party without your consent, except when directed by the law. TC Global can use this data to verify user identity in line with engagement initiated by the user. We will communicate with you using the contact information provided by you in order to respond to any queries that you may have and to provide any information that you may request regarding the services provided through the Site. We may communicate with you either by written, physical communication, email, telephone, SMS or via notifications on your mobile device. We may also send strictly service-related announcements to you periodically and when it is necessary to do so. For instance, if our services are temporarily suspended for maintenance, we might send you an email, text message, flash notification or telephone call. If you do not wish to receive such alerts, you have the option to unsubscribe from such emails or opt out by sending an email to hello@thechoprasglobal.com.
We may use Personal Information or Usage Information collected through the Site in the following ways:
We may share non-Personal Information, such as aggregated user statistics and log data, with our business partners for industry analysis, demographic profiling, to deliver targeted advertising about other products or services, or for other business purposes. This information is solely used to analyze company Site and understand usage statistics, as mentioned above, is anonymous. The company may share this data with its business partners on anonymous basis. We do not sell, share, rent or trade the information we have collected about you, including Personal Information, other than as disclosed within this Privacy Policy or at the time you provide your information. We do not share your Personal Information with third parties for those third parties' direct marketing purposes unless you consent to such sharing at the time you provide your Personal Information.
We cooperate with government and law enforcement officials and private parties to enforce and comply with the law. Thus, we may access, use, store, transfer and disclose your information (including Personal Information), including disclosure to third parties such as government or law enforcement officials or private parties as we reasonably determine is necessary and appropriate: (i) to satisfy any applicable law, regolation, governmental requests or legal process; (ii) to protect the safety, rights, property or security of TC Global, our services, the Site or any third party; (iii) to protect the safety of the public for any reason; (iv) to detect, prevent or otherwise address fraud, security or technical issues; and /or (v) to prevent or stop any activity we consider to be, or to pose a risk of being, an illegal, unethical, or legally actionable activity. Such disclosures may be carried out without notice to you.
We may share your information, including your Personal Information and Usage Information with our parent, subsidiaries and affiliates for internal reasons. We also reserve the right to disclose and transfer all such information: (i) to a subsequent owner, co-owner or operator of the Site or applicable database; or (ii) in connection with a corporate merger, consolidation, restructuring, the sale of substantially all of our membership interests and/or assets or other corporate change, including, during the course of any due diligence process. You will be notified via email and/or a prominent notice on our Site of any change in ownership or uses of your personal information, as well as any choices you may have regarding your personal information. We will endeavor that the transferee who is the recipient of Personal Information and Usage Information commits to privacy measures which are substantially similar to the measures under this privacy policy.
We do not include or offer third party products or services on our Site.
Your information may be stored and processed in Singapore or any other country in which TC Global or its subsidiaries, affiliates or service providers maintain facilities. TC Global may transfer information that we collect about you, including Personal Information, to affiliated entities, or to other third parties across borders and from your country or jurisdiction to other countries or jurisdictions around the world. These countries may have data protection laws that are different to the laws of your country and, in some cases, may not be as protective. We have taken appropriate safeguards to require that your information will remain protected in accordance with this Privacy Policy by entering into requisite agreements with the concerned transferees.
Your information will be retained with TC Global as long as it is needed by TC Global to provide services to you. If you wish to cancel your account or request that TC Global no longer uses your information to provide services, you may contact TC Global at hello@tcglobal.com.. TC Global will promptly delete the information as requested. TC Global will retain and use your information as necessary to comply with its legal obligations, resolve disputes, and enforce its agreements or for other business purposes. When TC Global has no ongoing legitimate business need to process your information, we will either delete or anonymize it.
In case on any queries on this privacy policy, please contact us at hello@thechoprasglobal.com. TC Global reserves the right to update or modify any part of this policy or make any changes without prior notice to the user. The user is advised to check this page periodically to stay abreast of any policy changes by us.
You are responsible for maintaining the accuracy of the information you submit to us, such as your contact information provided as part of account registration. If your Personal Information changes, or if you no longer desire to access the Site, you may correct, delete inaccuracies, or amend information by contacting us through hello@tcglobal.com and we will respond within 72 hours of receipt of communication.
You have the right to request that we rectify or delete the personal data or restrict the processing of your personal data, if you think they are inaccurate. Furthermore, you have the right to object against the processing based on our legitimate interests as a legal basis. We are required to assess and act on your request. Additionally, you also have the right to data portability if it shoold become relevant. You have a right to lodge a complaint with your local supervisory authority.
[You may also cancel or modify your communications that you have elected to receive from the Site by logging into your user account and changing your communication preferences.
If you wish to cancel your account or request that we no longer use your information to provide you details with respect to our services and the Site, please write to us at hello@tcglobal.com.
If you wish to opt out of receiving non-essential communications such as promotional and marketing-related information regarding the Site and our services, please send TC Global an email at hello@tcglobal.com.
From time to time, we may update this Privacy Policy to reflect changes to our information practices. Any changes will be effective immediately upon the posting of the revised Privacy Policy on the Site. If we make any material changes, we will notify you by email (sent to the e-mail address specified in your account) or by means of a notice on the Site prior to the change becoming effective. We encourage you to periodically review this page for the latest information on our privacy practices.
If you have any questions or concerns about this Privacy Policy, please feel free to contact us by writing to us at hello@thechoprasglobal.com or using the details provided on our 'Contact Us' page. We will use reasonable efforts to respond promptly to requests, questions or concerns you may have regarding our use of personal information about you. Except where required by law, TC Global cannot ensure a response to questions or comments regarding topics unrelated to this policy or Company's privacy practices.
By consenting to the terms under this Privacy Policy, you are expressly granting TC Global the right to collect, share, transfer, store, retain, disseminate or use the Personal Information/Usage Information collected by TC Global from your usage of the Site in accordance with the terms of the Privacy Policy. You may, at any time, withdraw consent for the collection or processing of Personal Information/Usage Information by sending an email to hello@tcglobal.com. TC Global, shall within 72 hours delete or anonymize the data collected from you.
If you have any questions about this Privacy Policy, please contact us:
By email: hello@thechoprasglobal.com
In the event of any grievances, user can contact the grievance officer at zishans@thechoprasglobal.com or write to us at the following address:
Zishan Siddiqui
Grievance Officer
The Chopras Global Holdings PTE Ltd
No. 3 Shenton Way
#10-05/06, Shenton House
Singapore, 068805
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